Caries, more commonly known as tooth decay or cavities, is a breakdown of tooth enamel. This damage is the result of bacteria in the mouth producing acids that erode the hard outer layer of the tooth. While caries is a very common dental problem, it is also highly preventable with proper oral hygiene habits and regular dental check-ups.

The process of caries development begins with plaque formation. Plaque is a sticky film of bacteria that constantly forms on our teeth. When we consume sugary or starchy foods, the bacteria in plaque produce acids that attack the enamel. Over time, repeated acid attacks lead to the demineralization of the enamel, creating small holes that eventually become cavities. If left untreated, caries can progress through the enamel and dentin (the layer beneath the enamel) and even reach the pulp, the innermost part of the tooth containing nerves and blood vessels. This can cause pain, infection, and ultimately, tooth loss.

Preventing caries involves several key strategies. Regular brushing and flossing are essential for removing plaque and food debris. Limiting sugary and starchy foods and drinks helps to reduce the amount of acid produced by bacteria. Fluoride, found in toothpaste and water, strengthens enamel and helps to remineralize early lesions. Finally, regular dental check-ups allow dentists to detect and treat caries early, before they become more serious problems.

Summary

Caries, or tooth decay, is a preventable disease caused by bacterial acid erosion of tooth enamel. Maintaining good oral hygiene, limiting sugary foods, using fluoride, and scheduling regular dental visits are crucial steps in preventing caries and preserving your oral health.